PERSONALIZED SYSTEM OF
INSTRUCTON
Personalized system of
instruction is also known as Keller plan. It was developed by Fred.S.Keller in
1965, is a plan of individualised instruction. It is better than the
conventional spoon feeding method. This method is better suit for college level
education.
Chief characteristics
This is a three step cycle of
learning process with presentation, response and consequence arranged in such a
way as to optimize learning. The course policy is explained to the student in
the beginning and he is given the study guide. The following flow chart
explains the various process involved in Keller plan
Class assembly student receives a
unit and study guide
Discuss questions missed take a unit test students
learn at his own pace
When completes all units Takes final exam discusses problems not
mastered
Tests secures ‘B’
The course content is
divided into 12 to 20 units which can be mastered by a student in about a week.
The student is expected to master unit by unit at his own pace. The student
first gets the unit 1 along with the study guide. The study guide is prepared
by the teacher. It gives explicit objectives which the student has to achieve.
When the student has achieved the objectives he will take the unit test.
Unit is assessed by a test of
duration 20 to 25 minute and scoring of the same is done in 5 minutes. The
learning materials for each unit are text books and study guide include
instruction of each unit, behavioral objectives, procedure and text supplement
and test question.
The procedures consist of what to
read where to look to, where rote learning is necessary and where comprehension
is necessary. For each unit four equivalent but different forms of readiness
tests are provided. The instructor goes from student to student and explains
individual difficulties. The student takes the readiness tests provided he
thinks he has fulfilled the behavioral objectives. The test is scored in
presence of the student with his verbal clarifications. If he clears the test
without any conceptual mistake he is provided with the study guide for next
unit. Otherwise he has to attend to the areas requiring further study and
appear for the test again. He is given the retest which may be old or new or the
spot- constructed test depending upon the need. After completion he goes for
the next unit. After a little progress some high pacers are selected from the
students to act as proctors. The proctors help the instructor in the one to one
contact with the students when they are studying and administering and scoring
of the tests. Proctors are issued with proctor’s guide sheets where in their
duties and the extra materials they have to study are mentioned. Proctors are
rewarded for their additional labor, interest and regularity. Each proctor is
in charge of certain number of peers.
There will be some review tests
also to assess the retentivity of the students. Enrichment activities are also
provided, which carry credit or motivational value. These enrichment activities
include extension lectures, work visits or experimental works.
Advantages of PSI
1. Every student with all
his intellectual, psychological, socio economic and status, interest and
aptitude is considered as
a class himself
2. Students learn at their
own pace rather than at the instructors pace
3. Does not require costly
sophisticated media for educational technology
4. Environment of
co-operation is built up because of proctor guidance
5. Readiness of the students
to learn is properly cared for
6. Negative reinforcement,
punishment are avoided
Limitations of PSI
1. Teachers may not have the
necessary enthusiasm to try new ideas
2. Mastery of learning is
ignored
3. Adequate test or notes
are not readily available
4. There are large number of
students in classes
5. The subject matter
changes fast
6. Teachers may find it
difficult to write specific behavioral objectives
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